Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) is the process of attaching electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits onto a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to create a working electronic device. This can be done using manual tools or automated machines, depending on the complexity and size of the job. PCBA uses two main methods: Surface Mount Technology (SMT), where components are placed directly on the surface of the board, and Through-Hole Technology (THT), where components are inserted into holes on the board and soldered. PCBA is essential in many industries, such as electronics, automotive, aerospace, and telecommunications, and is critical to ensuring the electrical connectivity and functionality of devices like computers, cars, and medical instruments. Quality control and testing are important steps to make sure the assembly works correctly and meets all design requirements.